Personnel Safety — CISSP Study Guide

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Included in this chapter:

Door / control role	Correct failure mode	Why	Governing priority
Life-safety egress (fire exit, evacuation door)	Fail-open (fail-safe): unlocks on failure	A trapped occupant is the greater harm; people must always be able to leave	Availability of egress = human life
Access-control entry (secure door, data center)	Fail-secure (fail-closed): stays locked on failure	An unguarded open door is the greater harm; deny entry when control is lost	Confidentiality / integrity of assets
Coerced-entry signaling (duress)	Behave normally, alert silently	An obvious refusal endangers the coerced person; the attacker must see nothing	Safety of the threatened person

Cheat sheet

Human safety is the overriding priority and outranks every asset
No one re-enters a dangerous building to retrieve or protect data
A life-safety egress door must fail-open, not fail-secure
"Fail-safe" flips direction depending on whether the greater harm is to people or assets
OT and ICS treat safety as an overarching priority above the CIA ordering
An occupant emergency plan documents how people get out safely
Evacuate and account for people first; consider property only afterward
Safety wardens direct the evacuation and take the headcount at the muster point
Emergency power and emergency lighting keep egress usable when normal power fails
A duress code signals coercion silently while behaving like the normal code
A panic button raises a silent alarm for a coerced or threatened person
For risky travel, carry clean burner devices that hold no sensitive data
Encrypt, enforce strong MFA, and use privacy screens against shoulder-surfing while traveling
MFA-fatigue push-bombing wears a target into approving a malicious prompt
Social-media oversharing can expose a traveler's location and itinerary to a threat
An insider carrying data abroad is a personnel-safety-relevant insider-threat case
A duress control addresses coercion that a lock, camera, or extra factor cannot

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Cheat sheet